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Kronos: 
A Chronological History of the Martial Arts and Combative Sports

Being a compendium of useful facts and figures to assist in the research and development of the knowledge of the martial arts, East and West.



 

Introduction and Copyright Information: 
Please read this before going any further.

About the Chronology

The purpose of this chronology is to introduce the history and development of the world's martial arts and combative sports. Rather than a completed proprietary work, it is very much a work-in-progress and reader input is solicited.

The Internet was deemed an appropriate venue for publication because the medium is easily accessed, quickly updated, and widely available. The chronological format was selected because it provided a convenient way for storing what were otherwise unrelated factoids.

Correcting Mistakes

To correct mistakes, e-mail either Joseph R Svinth <jsvinth@juno.com> or Kim Taylor <kataylor@uoguelph.ca>. When submitting corrections, be sure to:

1. Tell us precisely where the error is located. The easiest way is to simply copy the entire offending passage into your message.

2. Provide suggested revisions. How complex this gets depends on what you're suggesting. If it is simply noting a spelling error, then nothing more is needed than the proper spelling. On the other hand if you're asking us to change our interpretations, some suggested text would be nice.

3. Send documentation for the recommended change. It isn't that we don't trust you, but how would you feel if our response to your recommended change was, "Well, this guy I never met in my life sent me this e-mail, and I trust him a lot more than I trust you." You'd be mad, right? Well, so would the other guy. Thus our request for documentation. If your source is a book easily available in any good-sized North American bookstore or library, then simply saying check such-and-such a page will work. On the other hand, if you're citing some obscure third century manuscript written in Lower Slobovian, then how about sending a copy complete with translation? Otherwise how will we (or the next person with a question) know what you're saying is true?

Upon receiving your recommendation, we'll do some digging and then get back to you with our initial response. If you're clearly right, we'll say thank you and incorporate your suggestions next time we update the base document. If you're clearly wrong, then we'll say thank you and send you some recommendations for further reading. And if we both have some good points to make, then we'll enter into a correspondence, with the end goal being the production of an online source document that is as accurate as possible.
 

Copyright

The text contained in this chronology is viewed by the editors and publishers as intellectual property. Therefore international copyright is claimed, and all rights reserved.

Use of site information for academic or personal research is authorized, as is publication of extracts of 500 words or less, provided normal attribution is provided. A copy of any published material would be appreciated.

Other websites are encouraged to link to this site, but may not download its information directly to their own.

If you plagiarize material from this site for use in a term paper and get a grade of B or higher, how about dropping us a line to say thanks. On the other hand, if the grade is C or lower, then before flaming us please ask yourself if the grade was due more to our content or to your inability to interpret or present the data. As for unauthorized commercial use, note that the maintainers of this site read a lot of books and articles, and sometimes even watch TV and surf the Net. So one of these days we're likely to spot you. Please make lots of money from the theft of intellectual property before we do, as that will make our lawyers so much happier.

For more information on copyright check out Brad Templeton's page.

Your Editor-in-chief: Joseph Svinth
Your Webmaster: Kim Taylor
 

Sponsors

Sei Do Kai Iaido, be sure to check out our catalog

(If you would like to become a sponsor of the Encyclopedia please contact us.)



 

How to use this resource:


Click on the volume (year range) you are interested in. This will take you to a very large file of text. To find your topic, press CTRL-F and follow the directions to search for key words. Remember that this encyclopedia reflects how the editor thinks rather than how anyone else thinks. Therefore events and people may appear in unexpected places. So it may be worth your while to run your key word searches through multiple volumes rather than just one.

When you are done with a page, hit your browser's back button to return to this page.

Occasionally you will encounter links. These will lead you to footnotes, glossary terms, photographs, or other web resources. Feel free to send us links to additional web sites, but unless we really like the site or you become a sponsor the only links we are likely to post are ones maintained by universities, museums, and other public agencies.

To return from a note to the main text, click your browser's back button.

We don't plan to get a lot more complex than this at the moment. Feel free to get lost in the data and make your own serendipitous discoveries.


YEAR:

000 to 478
478 to 1349
1350 to 1699
1700 to 1859
1860 to 1899
1900 to1939
1940 to present
 

REFERENCE LIST:

bibliography A-F
bibliography G-M
bibliography N-Z
 

About the Bibliography


 Rather than listing everything one should read, this bibliography lists only published sources that were consulted during the preparation of this chronology.

Since there are only so many hours in the day, there are many glaring omissions, not the least of which is the fact that almost every text listed was read in English. If you'd like to hear our excuses, drop us a line. Meanwhile, if you believe that some seminal work was omitted, by all means feel free to send us review copies.

 Some of the information was obtained via e-mail or other personal correspondence. Although we could list the people who helped this way, we thought maybe it was better if we didn't, as that way these nice people couldn't be blamed for our mistakes. Their assistance is, however, acknowledged and greatly appreciated.
 

Note on Spellings and Transliteration

 Names of places are generally given in their most commonly used English form. In some cases this is not their legal name. For example, the Southeast Asian country is called Burma in the text rather than Myanamar, and the Chinese city is called Peking rather than Bejing.

 When transcribing, I generally omitted macrons. My reasoning was that since I don't speak the language, using macrons to show my erudition was being unnecessarily pretentious.

 Chinese words are transliterated using Wade-Giles rather than Pinyin. While this does not meet United Nations standards, I don't read Chinese so am mostly writing names as I find them in old texts. If someone wants to put them into Pinyin for me, let me know and we'll include those spellings, too.

 Finally, names are listed as the people themselves use them. For example, Japanese names are listed family name personal name (Smith John) while English names are listed personal name family name (John Smith). If this causes serious consternation let me know and I'll do something such as capitalize all family names (SMITH John). However, I'd prefer to avoid that as I find it visually clutters the page.
 

ONLINE RESOURCES

 The following are some websites that we think provide solid historical information. It is not a complete list by any means, nor necessarily an endorsement of services, products, or information.

Library of Congress
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/catalog/booksquery.html

Archery
http://margo.student.utwente.nl/sagi/artikel/

European swordsmanship
www.aemma.org
www.thehaca.com

Japanese martial arts
http://www.furyu.com
http://www.koryubooks.com

Western boxing
http://members.tripod.com/bawli/index.html
http://cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/cyber.htm

Professional wrestling
http://www.twc-online.com/MINISITE/WAWLI
 

ONLINE REFERENCES

 For free online access to a vast array of information, try Encyclopedia Britannica at www.britannica.com. You may experience some delay logging in, but they claim they are fixing that.

 To access the United States' Library of Congress' catalog, go to http://lcweb2.loc.gov/catalog/booksquery.html. The equivalent British Library site is http://portico.bl.uk/index.html. Obviously, "Search the collection" is the best you can do online.

 For world maps, try http://anthro.org/mapfind.htm. The University of Texas at Austin site is particularly useful.

 For US photographs, try the National Archives at http://www.nara.gov/nara/nail.html.

 If you have suggestions for equally useful sources, please let us know.
 

 Areas for which we're seeking equally competent sources of  information include:

African martial arts
Ancient martial arts
Capoeira
Central Asian martial arts
Chinese martial arts
Filipino martial arts
Islamic martial arts
Korean martial arts
Native American martial arts
Southeast Asian martial arts
Turkic/Indo-Pakistani martial arts

Send your suggestions to the editors.



Page last updated Nov 18, 1999 by Kim Taylor.